Impacto geopolítico del proyecto puerto Antioquia en el contexto del control territorial

Abstract

This article examines the geopolitical significance of the Puerto Antioquia project in the context of territorial control across the Americas, with a particular focus on its connections to strategic ports in Peru and Mexico. Employing a qualitative methodology and a comprehensive documentary review, the study explores the classical geopolitical theories of Ratzel, Mackinder, and Spykman, along with the contemporary perspectives of Agnew and Ó Tuathail. The analysis demonstrates that, due to its strategic location in the Gulf of Urabá, Puerto Antioquia constitutes a pivotal Caribbean hub with the capacity to reinforce Colombian sovereignty and enhance its role in international trade. However, the project also faces critical challenges, including the influence of illegal actors and the risk of territorial capture. The study concludes that implementing robust governance mechanisms and preventive strategies will be essential for positioning the port as a secure and sustainable geopolitical asset, avoiding the pitfalls experienced in Callao and Manzanillo.